What are the classical signs of type 1 diabetes commonly referred to as the 3Ps?

The classical signs of type 1 diabetes are referred to as the 3Ps: Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Polyphagia.

Polyuria describes the increased urination that occurs when the body is unable to properly utilize glucose, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. The kidneys try to remove the excess glucose through urine, which results in more frequent urination.

Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, which often follows polyuria. As the body loses more fluids through urination, it triggers a backup signal for thirst to restore hydration levels.

Polyphagia is characterized by increased hunger. Despite high blood sugar levels, the cells in the body are unable to utilize glucose effectively for energy due to the lack of insulin or insulin resistance. This lack of cellular energy leads to an insatiable craving for food.

These symptoms are classic indicators of type 1 diabetes and are essential for understanding the disease's physiological effects on the body. In contrast, the other choices include terms that are either unrelated to diabetes or do not describe the hallmark symptoms associated with this condition.