What biomarkers are used to diagnose diabetes?

The identification of diabetes relies on specific biomarkers that effectively indicate blood glucose levels and insulin response. The correct set of biomarkers includes fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance test values.

Fasting plasma glucose measures the blood sugar level after an overnight fast, allowing healthcare providers to assess how well the body is managing glucose. HbA1c, or glycated hemoglobin, reflects average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months, providing a broader view of glucose control. The oral glucose tolerance test evaluates how the body handles sugar over time after ingesting a glucose-rich beverage, highlighting abnormalities in glucose metabolism.

Together, these three tests offer a comprehensive evaluation for diagnosing diabetes, as they consider different aspects of glucose regulation. The combination of immediate glucose levels (fasting), long-term regulation (HbA1c), and the response to a carbohydrate load (oral glucose tolerance test) creates a robust diagnostic framework. This multifaceted approach is crucial for accurately identifying individuals who may have diabetes or are at risk of developing the condition.