What is a common risk factor for developing type 1 diabetes?

Recent infection is considered a common risk factor for developing type 1 diabetes because emerging research suggests that certain viral infections may trigger the autoimmune process that leads to beta-cell destruction in genetically susceptible individuals. This autoimmune response occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Various viruses, including those that cause illnesses such as mumps, rubella, and enteroviruses, have been implicated in this process.

In contrast, the other factors listed do not have a strong association with the development of type 1 diabetes. For example, obesity is commonly linked with type 2 diabetes but is not a typical risk factor for type 1. High blood pressure is also more closely related to type 2 diabetes and often coincides with the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, while age can influence the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes often presents in childhood or adolescence, although it can occur later in life as well. Therefore, a recent infection stands out as a specific trigger for type 1 diabetes onset in those who are genetically predisposed.