Which assessment finding is indicative of hyperthyroidism?

The assessment finding indicative of hyperthyroidism is exophthalmos, which is the protrusion of the eyeballs. This condition is particularly associated with Graves' disease, a common form of hyperthyroidism. The excess production of thyroid hormones leads to an increase in metabolic rate, affecting various body systems, including the eyes.

In hyperthyroidism, the immune system can cause inflammation and swelling of the muscles and tissue behind the eyes, resulting in this characteristic eye bulging. It is a visible and specific sign that can help in the diagnosis of hyperthyroid conditions, along with other clinical symptoms like weight loss, increased appetite, and rapid heartbeat.

Other findings such as a goiter, which is an enlarged thyroid gland, can also be associated with hyperthyroidism, but it is not exclusive as it can also occur in hypothyroidism or other thyroid conditions. Cold intolerance and constipation are more typically associated with hypothyroidism, making those findings less relevant in the context of diagnosing hyperthyroidism. Thus, exophthalmos stands out as a clear and specific indicator of an overactive thyroid function.